The Volume Shadow Copy Service (VSS) is a critical Windows component that enables backup and restore functionality. When VSS encounters problems, it can prevent system backups and cause various error messages. Let’s explore some effective methods to diagnose and resolve VSS issues.
Check VSS Status and Start the Service
The first step in troubleshooting VSS is to verify its current status and ensure it’s running properly.
Step 1: Press Windows + R
, type services.msc
, and press Enter to open the Services management console.
Step 2: Locate “Volume Shadow Copy” in the list of services.
Step 3: Double-click on the service to open its properties.
Step 4: Set the “Startup type” to “Automatic” and click “Start” if the service isn’t running.
Step 5: Click “Apply” and then “OK” to save the changes.
If the service fails to start or you encounter error messages, proceed to the next troubleshooting steps.
Run VSS Admin Commands
The VSS Admin tool can provide valuable diagnostic information and help resolve some common issues.
Step 1: Open Command Prompt as administrator by right-clicking the Start button and selecting “Windows Terminal (Admin)”.
Step 2: Run the following command to list VSS writers:
vssadmin list writers
Step 3: Check the output for any writers in a failed state.
Step 4: If you see failed writers, try resetting the VSS system with this command:
vssadmin delete shadows /all
Step 5: Restart the computer and check if the issue persists.
Repair System Files
Corrupted system files can cause VSS to malfunction. Use the System File Checker (SFC) and Deployment Image Servicing and Management (DISM) tools to repair potential issues.
Step 1: Open an elevated Command Prompt.
Step 2: Run the SFC scan:
sfc /scannow
Step 3: If SFC doesn’t resolve the issue, run DISM:
DISM /Online /Cleanup-Image /RestoreHealth
Step 4: Restart your computer after the scans complete.
Check Disk for Errors
Disk errors can interfere with VSS operations. Use the Check Disk utility to scan for and repair file system errors.
Step 1: Open Command Prompt as administrator.
Step 2: Run the following command, replacing C: with the drive letter you want to check:
chkdsk C: /f /r
Step 3: If prompted to schedule the scan for the next restart, type Y and press Enter.
Step 4: Restart your computer to allow the scan to run.
Disable Conflicting Software
Third-party backup software or security programs can sometimes interfere with VSS. Temporarily disable these applications to isolate the issue.
Step 1: Open the Control Panel and navigate to “Programs and Features”.
Step 2: Look for any third-party backup or security software.
Step 3: Right-click on the software and select “Disable” or “Uninstall” temporarily.
Step 4: Restart your computer and check if VSS now functions correctly.
Perform a Clean Boot
A clean boot starts Windows with a minimal set of drivers and startup programs, which can help identify if a third-party application is causing VSS issues.
Step 1: Press Windows + R
, type msconfig
, and press Enter.
Step 2: In the System Configuration window, go to the “Services” tab.
Step 3: Check “Hide all Microsoft services” and click “Disable all”.
Step 4: Go to the “Startup” tab and click “Open Task Manager”.
Step 5: In Task Manager, disable all startup items.
Step 6: Restart your computer and test VSS functionality.
If VSS works in a clean boot state, gradually re-enable services and startup items to identify the conflicting software.
Resolving Volume Shadow Copy Service issues often requires a systematic approach. Start with the simplest solutions and work your way through more complex troubleshooting steps. If problems persist after trying these methods, consider seeking assistance from Microsoft Support or a qualified IT professional. Regular system maintenance and keeping Windows up-to-date can help prevent VSS issues in the future.